Downsizing the Jumbo Loan

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Downsizing the Jumbo Loan

By Vickie Elmer in the New York Times

WITH interest rates still low, many homeowners have been saying goodbye to their “jumbo” mortgages and refinancing into conventional loans. They may need to write sizable checks at the closing, but in the end they are likely to reduce their monthly payments while improving their cash flow.

“It’s an opportunity not to be missed,” said Melissa Cohn, the chief executive of the Manhattan Mortgage Company, adding that her customers like the idea of locking in a lower rate.

Jumbo mortgages, also called nonconforming loans, exceed $625,500 in high-cost areas like New York. Unlike conforming mortgages, they do not meet specific guidelines of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which repurchase loans and resell them to investors. Because lenders assume more risk, interest rates for nonconforming loans are higher than for conforming.

These days the spread between conventional and non-conventional is 0.5 percentage points, on average, according to data from HSH.com, though if the jumbo loan was taken out during the financial crisis of 2008, it could have been up to 1.8 percentage points more.

To refinance out of a jumbo loan, most borrowers will have to put in extra money — sometimes $100,000 or more — to decrease the balance to below $625,500, or $417,000 in other parts of the country. Some, though, may see this as a sound investment.

“A lot of homeowners are sitting on cash, concerned about the stock market,” said Bob Moulton, the president of the Americana Mortgage Group in Manhasset, N.Y. “They get 3.5 percent-plus by putting it into their home,” he added, referring to the prevailing rate nationwide on a 30-year fixed-rate loan.

“If you don’t have a need for the cash — if your cash position is O.K. — then that’s the right decision,” he added.

Mr. Moulton says he has had several customers eager to buy down their mortgage balances. “When people are to the cusp,” he said, referring to borrowers’ balances near the cutoff for conventional loans, “I always bring that to their attention.”

Cash-in refinancing has remained popular as homeowners work to cut their debt levels. Some 23 percent of homeowners refinancing in the second quarter decreased their mortgage balances, according to Freddie Mac; in the fourth quarter of last year it was 47 percent. The agency provides a guide for consumers on its Web site.

Sheila Walker Hartwell, the owner of Hartwell Planning, a financial planner based in Manhattan, says homeowners with a good financial foundation could greatly benefit by moving to a conventional mortgage from a jumbo. She provided one scenario in which a couple pays in $75,000 when they refinance a $700,000 mortgage, and save at least $5,900 a year on interest based on a 0.33 percentage point reduction in their interest rate. They would need to earn almost 7.5 percent a year on that money to net the same amount from savings or investments, she said.

But Ms. Hartwell cautioned that when homeowners pay into their mortgages to build up equity, “the money’s not liquid,” or readily available. She said that she would prefer that her clients develop a savings and spending plan and make sure that they have a “contingency fund” with at least six months’ and sometimes up to 12 months of living expenses. (The 12-month fund is worthwhile when the economy is uncertain or if your job or industry seems less than solid, she said.) It’s not a good idea to deplete those funds to pay down your mortgage, even if the funds are earning next to nothing, Ms. Hartwell said.

Especially, Mr. Moulton added, “if they anticipate big expenses — college expenses, home improvement — or have other debts at a higher interest rate. Then they don’t want to do this.”

Another drawback, Ms. Hartwell said: Unless the length of a loan is reduced, each time you refinance, the mortgage starts again at the beginning and initial payments are almost all interest.

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